• We demonstrated that day supplementation of activin A was su

  2018-10-22

  

  We demonstrated that 5-day supplementation of activin A was sufficient to induce chondrogenesis in 15-day monolayer cultures (Figs. 5A–C), suggesting that ESCs acquired the capacity to become chondrocytes within the first 5days of differentiation in activin A-supplemented cultures. BMP4 has been sho

• Epigenetic mechanisms are essential for normal brain develop

  2018-10-22

  

  Epigenetic mechanisms are essential for normal ABT-737 development and function and dysregulation in chromatin regulation results in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer disease (Graff and Mansuy, 2009). It has been shown that expression of cell cycle-related proteins increases in the deg

• In the present study using a

  2018-10-22

  

  In the present study using a mouse ESC model system we show that Eng induces a robust differentiation of ESC into functional EC, i.e. expressing endothelial specific proteins, capable of angiogenesis and showing a TNF-α inducible Icam-1 expression. Eng synergizes with BMP4 in inducing EC specificati

• It is not known exactly when

  2018-10-22

  

  It is not known exactly when the improvements start after MSC transplantation. We found no differences in the striatal neurodegeneration of transplanted and non-transplanted lesioned rats 24h after the transplantation procedure. Thus, a gap might be necessary between cell transplantation and detecta

• Several culture techniques have been developed for

  2018-10-22

  

  Several culture techniques have been developed for ex vivo expansion of limbal epithelial cells, including those that used intact or denuded AM as a supporting matrix; adopted an airlifting technique to promote epithelial differentiation; and prepared 3T3 fibroblasts as feeder layers (Sun et al., 20

• Differentiation of NPCs was induced by replacing the

  2018-10-22

  

  Differentiation of NPCs was induced by replacing the culture medium by a medium without growth factors and containing 1% FBS. Under this condition, NPCs generated astrocytes and neurons. Astrocyte was the most abundant cell type, present in a proportion of 89.6% (±1.3%). The presence of taurine in t

• Introduction Transcription factors bind regulatory elements

  2018-10-22

  

  Introduction Transcription factors bind regulatory elements such as enhancers and core promoters and interact with cofactors that enable proper control of gene expression (Adelman and Lis, 2012; Lee and Young, 2013; Lelli et al., 2012; Roeder, 2005; Spitz and Furlong, 2012; Zhou et al., 2012). Medi

• The environment in the postnatal

  2018-10-22

  

  The environment in the postnatal cerebral cortical may not be permissive for all lineage-reprogrammed astroglial A 779 manufacturer to differentiate into iNs. In fact, after transplantation in the neurogenic subventricular zone, we observed that both cerebellar and cortical astroglia nucleofected w

• The low percentage of overlap between

  2018-10-22

  

  The low percentage (10%) of overlap between RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq datasets suggests an alternative role of THAP1 in regulating gene expression other than direct binding at DNA, as exists with other zinc-finger factors (Aguilo et al., 2015). This conclusion may also be supported by the relatively low

• In a search for epigenetic factors regulating chromatin

  2018-10-22

  

  In a search for epigenetic factors regulating chromatin remodeling and MaSC maintenance, we found BPTF, which is known to regulate the accessibility of DNA and stabilize the recruitment of the NURF complex to promoter regions (Li et al., 2006; Ruthenburg et al., 2011). BPTF is essential for mouse em

• Previous studies have demonstrated that the signal transduct

  2018-10-20

  

  Previous studies have demonstrated that the signal transduction pathways mediating ATF3 expression include c-Jun co-expressed with ATF3 in the nervous system after injury and stress (Hunt et al., 2012). The selective JNK/c-Jun inhibitor SP600125 fully blocks ATF3 induction in adult rat ganglion neur

• The cell cycle arrest seen postnatally might be explained

  2018-10-20

  

  The S63845 arrest seen postnatally might be explained by an increase in oxygenation compared with the fetal state (Puente et al., 2014). Puente et al. showed that the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increases postnatally along with oxidative DNA damage and the DNA damage response (DDR), where

• One most recent study first reported the feasibility of usin

  2018-10-20

  

  One most recent study first reported the feasibility of using undifferentiated hPSC molarity and dilution for cardiac differentiation in suspension by small molecules modulating Wnt pathway (Kempf et al., 2014). With a fixed differentiation condition without controlling cell aggregate size, the aut

• Mammalian muscle differentiation is governed by the expressi

  2018-10-20

  

  Mammalian muscle differentiation is governed by the expression of a series of master regulatory transcription factors, collectively called myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) (Bentzinger et al., 2012; Molkentin and Olson, 1996). Proliferating myoblasts start expressing MRFs, i.e. MyoD, myogenin, MRF4

• Microarray based global hierarchical clustering clearly

  2018-10-20

  

  Microarray-based global hierarchical clustering clearly separated all the directly isolated keratinocyte populations. In the first round of analysis () where we focused on known and well characterized populations the Plet population clearly separated from the rest of the populations, which is probab

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