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The initial beta carboline derivatives used in
2022-02-11
The initial beta-carboline derivatives used in the in silico docking experiments were prepared using the procedure outlined in . Harmol, , was -alkylated with -Boc-protected alkylamines in the presence of cesium carbonate to give and . The carbamate protecting group was removed under acidic conditi
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Bupivacaine is one of the local anesthetics commonly used
2022-02-11
Bupivacaine is one of the local anesthetics commonly used in spinal anesthesia. Previous studies had shown that bupivacaine induced neuronal apoptosis and axon degeneration among various neuronal populations in spinal cord, such as sciatic nerves and dorsal root mtor inhibitor (DRG) neurons [5], [6]
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The relationship between increased GPR
2022-02-11
The relationship between increased GPR120 expression in the EDL skeletal muscle and systemic glucose control is yet to be investigated. However, if the increased expression of GPR120 correlates with enhanced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, particularly the EDL muscle, this migh
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br Reactive Dicarbonyls and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Althou
2022-02-11
Reactive Dicarbonyls and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Although mitochondrial dysfunction has been suggested to be one of the main pathogenic mechanisms in diabetic neuropathy, little is known about the nature and extent of mitochondrial damage resulting from chronic hyperglycemia. Mitochondria funct
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gtpase br Experimental procedure br Acknowledgments This
2022-02-11
Experimental procedure Acknowledgments This research was supported by funds provided by NIH/NIAAA grant P01 AA020683 and the Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research. Introduction Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is still associated with a high mortality rate, and currently, an ea
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To this end we evaluated novel
2022-02-11
To this end, we evaluated novel D22 analogs for selectivity to inhibit substrate transport in OCT2, OCT3, and PMAT heterologous cell GSK2269557 mg systems, and in mouse hippocampal and striatal preparations. Chosen analogs were based upon availability of essential chemical precursors (e.g. 6-substi
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Introduction Adaptations in the metabolism of cancers contri
2022-02-11
Introduction Adaptations in the metabolism of cancers contribute to tumor survival and growth and present opportunities to develop novel therapeutic strategies (Kelloff et al., 2005, Som et al., 1980). In particular, glutamine metabolism plays such an important role in cancer growth that a phenomen
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Studies of human and mouse GPR as ascertained
2022-02-11
Studies of human and mouse GPR84, as ascertained by mRNA levels in various tissues, have determined that GPR84 is highly expressed on bone marrow cells, splenic T and B cells, and circulating granulocytes/monocytes/macrophages. In the latter cells, mRNA expression of is up-regulated only under infl
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The relationship between estrogen and the Hedgehog
2022-02-11
The relationship between estrogen and the Hedgehog pathway as well as the associated mechanism have already been investigated in many tissues, especially in breast cancer (Chang et al., 2012, Katayama et al., 2006, Ramaswamy et al., 2012). Hitherto, even though we have proved that HH-Gli pathway pro
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Bromosporine GLI proteins activate or repress transcription
2022-02-11
GLI proteins activate or repress transcription of their target genes by binding to a similar sequence motif within a cis-regulatory module (CRM) (Hallikas and Taipale, 2006, Peterson et al., 2012). Transcriptional responses to the HH pathway can be elicited either by de-repression of GLI-R or in oth
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Previously we have shown that ghrelin and
2022-02-11
Previously, we have shown that ghrelin and cannabinoids stimulate hypothalamic AMPK activity (Kola et al., 2005). In contrast, both the orexigenic compounds have inhibitory effects on AMPK activity in the liver and visceral fat (Kola et al., 2005). In this study, we were able to reproduce our previo
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The structural similarity software vROCS
2022-02-10
The structural similarity software vROCS (OpenEye) [45] has been utilized by Musumeci et al. [46] to screen the Maybridge [47] HitFinder database (∼14,400 compounds) using Distamycin A (Fig. 3B) as a query. Using the Tanimoto coefficient (Section 6.4) and vROCS's colour scoring (atom/feature similar
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Following these discoveries the term ferroptosis
2022-02-10
Following these discoveries, the term ferroptosis was coined in 2012 [25], to describe this iron-dependent, non-apoptotic form cell death induced by erastin and RSL3. This discovery was accompanied by the development of the first small molecule ferroptosis inhibitor, termed ferrostatin-1, and the de
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Indeed another recent study found that the HR
2022-02-10
Indeed, another recent study found that the HR-like cell death triggered in rice epidermal cells by an avirulent or incompatible isolate of the fungal pathogen , which causes blast disease, is a ferroptotic cell death phenomenon (). Similar to the heat shock example given above, elevated levels of
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br Promotion of GLS expression Glutamine metabolism is anoth
2022-02-10
Promotion of GLS2 expression Glutamine metabolism is another target for alteration in ferroptosis. Glutamine is required for the induction of ferroptosis during serum-induced injury after amino beta 1 antagonist starvation [72]. The first step of glutamine catabolism is its conversion to glutama
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