• The fact that GSK recognition of its substrate

  2022-06-22

  

  The fact that GSK-3 recognition of its substrate involves pre-phosphorylation supports the rational for using synthetic phosphorylated peptides as substrate competitive inhibitors [57]. Phosphorylated peptides derived from the N-terminal pseudosubstrate sequence of GSK-3β were very weak inhibitors o

• br Cholecystokinin CCK CCK is

  2022-06-22

  

  Cholecystokinin (CCK) CCK is secreted by enteroendocrine I-cells of the duodenum and jejunum in response to amino acids and lipids [14]. There are two forms of the CCK receptor, CCK1 which is expressed on pancreatic α- and β-cells while CCK2 is located on somatostatin-secreting δ-cells [8]. CCK r

• GPR GPR GPR GPR and GPR all

  2022-06-22

  

  GPR80, GPR81, GPR82, GPR93 and ψGPR79 all shared identities to P2Y GPCRs or P2Y-like oGPCRs. Previously, at least three different nucleotide receptor phenotypes have been observed in mammalian tissue, including GPCRs activated by TMP269 nucleotides (e.g. P2Y1 and P2Y11), uridine nucleotides (e.g. P2

• It was noted elsewhere that

  2022-06-21

  

  It was noted elsewhere that several of the variants (i.e., Indel19 and SNP63) that make up the risk haplotypes had unusually large differences in allele frequencies between Africans and non-Africans, as compared with a set of likely neutral loci (Fullerton et al. 2002). This finding was interpreted

• br GPR a G protein coupled receptor

  2022-06-21

  

  GPR35, a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), was discovered and classified as an orphan GPCR in 1998 and deorphanized in 2006 by the discovery of kynurenic football as the endogenous agonist. Since its discovery, limited references on the GPR35 receptor have appeared, due in part to a scarcity of e

• Dendritic damage and loss of synaptic connections correlate

  2022-06-21

  

  Dendritic damage and loss of synaptic connections correlate with cognitive decline in HAND patients. Synapse loss induced by HIV proteins occurs early and via a different signaling pathway from that leading to neuronal death (Kim et al., 2008), suggesting that synapse loss might be a mechanism to re

• 22(R)-hydroxy Cholesterol Dendritic damage and loss of synap

  2022-06-21

  

  Dendritic damage and loss of synaptic connections correlate with cognitive decline in HAND patients. Synapse loss induced by HIV proteins occurs early and via a different signaling pathway from that leading to neuronal death (Kim et al., 2008), suggesting that synapse loss might be a mechanism to re

• Flavonoids are able to modulate proinflammatory signaling

  2022-06-21

  

  Flavonoids are able to modulate proinflammatory signaling pathways to prevent OS and apoptosis [139]. Paraoxygenase-2 (PNO2) is an enzyme involved in neuroprotection by preventing OS mediated damage in mitochondria. Flavonoids can modulate the JNK/AP-1 pathway to increase expression of PNO2 [111]. F

• br Materials and Methods br

  2022-06-21

  

  Materials and Methods Results All of the studied transporter genes were expressed at detectable levels in all the analyzed samples at mRNA level by means of applied rt-PCR method (CTlowest p53 tumor suppressor was observed for ABCC4, ABCC1, ABCG2, SLC22A3, and SLC22A18 (less than 10% of mean

• br Methods br Results br Discussion Previous work

  2022-06-21

  

  Methods Results Discussion Previous work by the Hirano group investigated the effect of GIP in murine atherosclerotic models and found infusion of GIP (1–42) by osmotic mini-pumps to decrease lesion size after 4 weeks in non-diabetic as well as in diabetic ApoE−/− mice [8], [9]. Mechanistic

• br Calcium permeability pathway It

  2022-06-21

  

  Calcium permeability pathway It has been demonstrated that physiological shear stress in the circulation causes a reversible increase in Ca2+ permeability [29], [30], [31], [32], [33] and electrophysiological evidence has been recently reported for transient activation of the Ca2+-sensitive K+ ch

• br Discussion The model of a NVU described

  2022-06-21

  

  Discussion The model of a NVU described by Mathias et al. (2018) has been implemented on the macro scale (see Kenny et al. (2018b)) via a 2D cerebral tissue slice coupled to a vascular tree. In particular, further communication within the tissue slice has been implemented via extracellular ion el

• In conclusion starting from the weakly potent GSM

  2022-06-21

  

  In conclusion, starting from the weakly potent GSM , exploration of various spacer groups between the triazole ring and the aromatic Reparixin led to the discovery of a new series of potent gamma secretase modulators, with an improved drug-like profile—compared with the originally reported series a

• 94 7 Introduction Since the development of

  2022-06-21

  

  Introduction Since the development of the first radioimmunoassay (RIA) to measure hormone levels in the late 1950s, for which Rosalyn Sussman Yalow was awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1977 (the second woman ever receiving it), the use of 94 7 in molecular research has increased tremendousl

• Conclusions br Author information The obtained models of

  2022-06-21

  

  Conclusions Author information The obtained models of complexes of FPR2 with most of the described compounds are freely available at the author’s web site: http://www.biomodellab.eu/models/. Acknowledgements This work was partly done at the Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Compu

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